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This study introduces a flexible numerical surface water routing (SWR) code, coupled with MODFLOW, for simulating surface water flow. The approach accurately models complex scenarios, including control structures and groundwater interactions, proving valuable for coastal water management.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate simulation of surface water flow is crucial for water resource management.
  • Coupling surface water and groundwater models enhances understanding of hydrological processes.
  • Existing models may lack flexibility in representing control structures and complex flow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a flexible numerical surface water routing (SWR) code.
  • To implicitly couple SWR with MODFLOW for simulating surface water-groundwater interactions.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the coupled model in managed coastal environments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a surface water routing (SWR) code using diffusive-wave approximation and/or level-pool approach.
  • Implicitly coupled SWR with MODFLOW, a groundwater-flow model.
  • Incorporated representation of surface water control structures (culverts, weirs, gates) and operational rules.
  • Solved nonlinear flow equations using Newton methods and direct/iterative solvers.

Main Results:

  • SWR accurately simulates one- and two-dimensional surface water routing.
  • The coupled SWR-MODFLOW model provides accurate results for surface water-only and coupled problems.
  • Simulations of benchmark problems (Lal, V-catchment, Pinder-Sauer) show good agreement with published results.
  • Application to Snapper Creek, Florida, highlights the value of coupled simulation in coastal settings.

Conclusions:

  • The presented SWR code offers a flexible and accurate approach for surface water simulation.
  • Implicit coupling with MODFLOW effectively integrates surface water and groundwater dynamics.
  • The coupled model is a valuable tool for managing water resources in complex coastal areas.