Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
A re-evaluation of how functional groups modify the electronic structure of graphene oxide
Adrian Hunt1, Ernst Z Kurmaev, Alex Moewes
1Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada.
Abstract:
The first 4 eV of the conduction band in graphene oxide is dominated by states from carbon sites that are in close proximity, but not directly bonded, to oxidizing functional groups. The carbon sites that are bonded directly to these groups, such as epoxide and hydroxyl groups, are much higher in energy.
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to Functional Groups
Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in...
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
Functional Groups
Functional Groups
Functional Groups
Overview of Functional Groups

