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Evidence for evolutionary specialization in human limbic structures.

Nicole Barger1, Kari L Hanson2, Kate Teffer2

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Sacramento, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|June 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human brain evolution shows enhanced emotion processing regions like the hippocampus and amygdala. Some frontal areas, however, are smaller, indicating complex evolutionary changes in social cognition.

Keywords:
amygdalaapecomparative neuroanatomyemotionfrontal cortexhippocampushominoidhuman brain evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Emotion processing is crucial for human social cognition.
  • Limbic structures are key to emotion processing.
  • Human brain evolution may have impacted these structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate evolutionary changes in human limbic structures.
  • To compare human brain volumes with non-human primates.
  • To understand the role of emotion processing in human evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of volumetric data from hominoid and anthropoid species.
  • Stereological methods for histological data collection.
  • Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression to assess evolutionary change.

Main Results:

  • Human hippocampus, lateral amygdala, and orbital frontal cortex are significantly larger than predicted.
  • Medial and dorsal frontal cortex volumes are significantly smaller in humans.
  • Human striatum volume is smaller than predicted compared to other anthropoids.

Conclusions:

  • Human brain evolution shows region-specific enhancements in emotion processing areas.
  • These findings challenge notions of conserved or regressive limbic evolution.
  • Emotion processing regions may have been selectively enhanced in recent human evolution.