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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

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Human somatic cell nuclear transfer is alive and well.

Jose B Cibelli1

  • 1Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48834, USA; LARCel, BIONAND, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain.

Cell Stem Cell
|June 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human embryonic stem cells were created by fusing adult somatic cells with enucleated oocytes. This confirms that human somatic cell nuclear transfer technology is effective and viable.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Stem cell science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a method for creating cloned embryos.
  • Previous attempts at human SCNT faced technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate viable human embryonic stem cells using SCNT.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of human SCNT.

Main Methods:

  • Fusing an adult somatic cell with a human oocyte that had its nucleus removed (enucleated).
  • Culturing the resulting reconstructed embryo to the blastocyst stage.
  • Deriving embryonic stem cell lines from the blastocysts.

Main Results:

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A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
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Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
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  • Successfully generated human embryonic stem cells.
  • The generated hESCs were derived from SCNT embryos.
  • Results align with concurrent studies by Mitalipov and Egli groups.

Conclusions:

  • Human somatic cell nuclear transfer is a validated technique.
  • SCNT offers a potential route for generating patient-specific embryonic stem cells.
  • This breakthrough revitalizes research in human SCNT.