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Evidence for a glassy state in strongly driven carbon.

C R D Brown1, D O Gericke2, M Cammarata3

  • 11] Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK [2] Plasma Physics Department, AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, UK [3] Plasma Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

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Scientists created a transient, highly correlated carbon state. Unexpectedly, ions did not crystallize but formed an over-correlated fluid, suggesting a slower nucleation process and a potential glassy intermediate state.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Laser-Matter Interaction

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of matter under extreme conditions is crucial for various scientific fields.
  • Carbon's unique properties make it a key element for studying phase transitions and correlated states.
  • Previous theoretical models predicted rapid crystallization in highly correlated ionic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the creation and properties of a transient, highly correlated carbon state.
  • To examine the dynamics of ion nucleation and phase transitions in this state.
  • To explore potential intermediate states, such as glassy structures, during rapid cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a combination of high-intensity optical and x-ray lasers to create the carbon state.
  • Employing scattered x-ray diffraction to probe the structure and ordering of the ions.
  • Analyzing the electrostatic and thermal energies to understand the forces at play.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a transient, highly correlated carbon state with electrostatic energy exceeding ion thermal energy.
  • Observed no evidence of the predicted crystalline phase transition within tens of picoseconds.
  • Detected strong indications of an over-correlated fluid state, suggesting a significantly slower nucleation process.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental results challenge existing theories predicting rapid ion crystallization in highly correlated states.
  • A slower nucleation process is indicated, potentially involving an intermediate glassy state where ions are temporarily "frozen" in the fluid.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize this novel over-correlated fluid and its glassy intermediate state.