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Nutrigenomics and Cancer Prevention.

Holly L Nicastro¹, Elaine B Trujillo², John A Milner²

¹Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7328, Bethesda, MD 20892-7328, USA.

Current Nutrition Reports

|June 10, 2014

Summary

Dietary habits influence cancer risk, but individual responses vary. Understanding nutrigenomics (genetics and nutrition) can personalize dietary advice to maximize benefits and prevent harm from food components.

Keywords:

Bioactive food components Cancer Cancer prevention Diet Epigenetics Metabolomics Microbiomics Nutrigenomics Proteomics Transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

Nutritional Science
Oncology
Genetics

Background:

Dietary habits are recognized as significant modulators of cancer risk and tumor progression.
Existing research shows considerable variability in study outcomes, suggesting complex interactions.
Public health messages based on average nutrient intake may lead to suboptimal or excessive exposure for individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the influence of inter-individual variability on responses to bioactive food components.
To highlight the role of nutrigenomics in understanding personalized nutrition and cancer risk.
To emphasize the need for tailored dietary interventions based on individual biological profiles.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on diet, cancer, and individual variability.
Exploration of factors influencing the absorption, metabolism, and molecular targeting of dietary components.
Discussion of multi-omics approaches (genomics, epigenomics, etc.) in personalized nutrition.

Main Results:

Inconsistencies in dietary studies may stem from variations in exposure timing, food matrix interactions, processing, and individual genomic differences.
Individual variability in genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics significantly impacts responses to bioactive food components.
Nutrigenomics offers a framework for understanding these variations in response.

Conclusions:

Personalized nutrition, guided by nutrigenomics, is crucial for optimizing dietary interventions for cancer prevention and treatment.
Understanding individual variability can help identify those most likely to benefit from specific dietary strategies.
This approach can also mitigate risks associated with overexposure to certain nutrients or bioactive compounds.