Wheat Allergy and Intolerence; Recent Updates and Perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Nutrition

Background:

• Wheat is a dietary staple for many communities.
• Wheat proteins can trigger allergic responses in susceptible individuals.
• Wheat allergy encompasses both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the complexities of wheat allergy.
• To highlight key wheat allergens and their associated health impacts.
• To provide information on potential remedies and future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of wheat allergy mechanisms.
• Analysis of wheat allergens (e.g., alpha-amylase inhibitors, gliadins, profilins).
• Categorization of allergic responses (IgE-mediated vs. non-IgE-mediated).

Main Results:

• Wheat allergy can lead to various conditions including celiac disease, baker's asthma, dermatitis, and urticaria.
• IgE-mediated reactions involve allergen-antibody complexes and mediator release.
• Non-IgE-mediated reactions involve immune complexes and cell-mediated immunity.

Conclusions:

• Wheat allergy is a significant health concern with diverse clinical manifestations.
• Further research is needed to clarify wheat allergy and wheat intolerance.
• Models illustrating wheat allergens, routes, health impacts, and remedies are presented.