Micronutrient and functional compounds biofortification of maize grains

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Nutritional Science
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Maize is a global staple food and industrial feedstock.
• It contains beneficial compounds like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin E, and essential minerals.
• Despite its importance, many of these micronutrients and their potential health benefits remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of maize's microconstituents for human health.
• To focus on strategies for targeted biofortification of maize.
• To highlight the scientific basis for enhancing maize's nutritional value.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific studies on maize composition and biofortification.
• Analysis of genetic variability within maize cultivars.
• Examination of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data related to maize.

Main Results:

• Maize possesses significant levels of health-promoting compounds, including carotenoids and vitamin E.
• Deficiencies in vitamin A precursors, iron, and zinc are noted in some maize varieties.
• The genetic diversity of maize offers opportunities for nutritional improvement.

Conclusions:

• Maize biofortification is a viable strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies.
• Leveraging maize's genetic variability and scientific data can enhance its nutritional profile.
• Further research into maize's microconstituents can unlock its full health potential.