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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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Pre-school children have better spoken language when early implanted.

Domenico Cuda1, Alessandra Murri1, Letizia Guerzoni1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Via Cantone del Cristo 40, Piacenza 29121, Italy.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|June 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Early cochlear implantation (CI) before 12 months significantly improves spoken language, including vocabulary and sentence complexity, in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Females also show better outcomes.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantHearing lossLanguage skillsMacArthur-Bates Communicative Development inventorySpoken language development

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Audiology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Congenital severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) impacts early spoken language acquisition.
  • Timely intervention is crucial for optimal language development in affected children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the impact of age at cochlear implantation (CI) on vocabulary and syntactic development.
  • To assess the influence of gender, age at diagnosis, and maternal education on spoken language outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 30 children with congenital SNHL, implanted between 8-17 months.
  • Utilized the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) at 36 months.
  • Analyzed total productive vocabulary, mean length of utterance (M3L), and sentence complexity.

Main Results:

  • Children implanted before 12 months showed significantly higher vocabulary (566.3 vs. 355 words) and M3L (8.3 vs. 4.2).
  • Sentence complexity was markedly better in the early implantation group (82.3% vs. 24.4%).
  • Female gender and higher maternal education positively correlated with language outcomes; age at diagnosis did not.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear implantation before 12 months significantly enhances spoken language development in preschool children with SNHL.
  • Female children tend to achieve better linguistic results.
  • Higher maternal education levels show a positive association with language development.