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Related Concept Videos

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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Shifting sands - from descriptions to solutions.

R Armstrong1, T L Pettman1, E Waters1

  • 1Jack Brockhoff Child and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.

Public Health
|June 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Public health decision-making benefits from a typology distinguishing data, intervention effectiveness, and implementation evidence. However, awareness and use of intervention and implementation evidence are low, hindering effective public health strategies.

Keywords:
Decision-makingEvidenceKnowledge translationPublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Knowledge Translation

Background:

  • Public health decision-making relies on research evidence.
  • Barriers and facilitators exist in using research evidence for public health policy.
  • Existing frameworks for evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) have limited practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and test a practical typology of evidence for public health.
  • To identify challenges in applying different types of evidence in public health practice.
  • To inform strategies for improving evidence-informed decision making (EIDM).

Main Methods:

  • Adapted conceptualizations of research use into a three-type typology: data (Type 1), intervention effectiveness (Type 2), and implementation evidence (Type 3).
  • Applied the typology in primary research, evidence synthesis, workforce development, and stakeholder engagement.
  • Triangulated findings from applied research, including studies on evidence use in decision-making and systematic review impact.

Main Results:

  • The typology aided in defining evidence and EIDM processes.
  • Stakeholders preferred descriptive (Type 1) evidence over impact (Type 2) and implementation (Type 3) evidence.
  • Low awareness and competence with Types 2 and 3 evidence were observed, with minimal organizational processes for their use.

Conclusions:

  • The typology is useful for conceptualizing evidence and improving stakeholder understanding of EIDM.
  • Identified critical gaps in defining and applying evidence, particularly Types 2 and 3.
  • Recommended shifting investment towards knowledge translation (KT) strategies to promote the uptake of intervention and implementation evidence.