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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

2.7K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

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Competition and cooperation between active intra-network and passive extra-network transport processes.

Dan Maruyama1, Michal Zochowski2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

Scientific Reports
|June 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how active transport and diffusion of signaling agents in networks interact with physical space. Network topology influences whether these processes cooperate or compete, leading to complex dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Complex systems
  • Network science
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Networks are often embedded in physical space, influencing their topology and dynamics.
  • Interactions between network processes and spatial environments can lead to complex emergent behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between active transport along network edges and passive diffusion in space.
  • To understand how network topology affects the cooperation or competition of these two transport mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a mathematical model incorporating both active transport and diffusive spread.
  • Simulating agent dynamics on various network topologies embedded in physical space.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that active transport and diffusion can cooperate or compete based on network structure.
  • Observed complex spatio-temporal dynamics arising from the interaction of transport mechanisms and topology.

Conclusions:

  • Network topology is a critical factor in determining the emergent dynamics of signaling agents.
  • The interplay between network structure and spatial processes offers a new perspective on complex system behavior.