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Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity01:12

Elastin is Responsible for Tissue Elasticity

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Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. The main property of elastin is that it will return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column.
Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue, but in ligaments not all fibers are parallel. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers and...
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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
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Hooke's law, a pivotal principle in material science, establishes that the strain a material undergoes is directly proportional to the applied stress, defined by a factor called the modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus.
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Fibroblast Derived Human Engineered Connective Tissue for Screening Applications
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High elastic modulus nanoparticles: a novel tool for subfailure connective tissue matrix damage.

Yvonne M Empson1, Emmanuel C Ekwueme2, Jung K Hong3

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.

Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High stiffness nanoparticles, including nanocarbons and nanocellulose, show promise for repairing soft tissue injuries like sprains and strains. These nanofillers mechanically reinforce damaged connective tissues and enhance cell activity without toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Subfailure matrix injuries (sprains, strains) significantly impair ligament and tendon function due to poor healing and reduced biomechanics.
  • Nanosized particles (nanocarbons, nanocellulose) have demonstrated potential in modulating cellular and matrix responses for biomedical uses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of high stiffness nanostructures as nanofillers for mechanically reinforcing damaged soft tissue matrices.
  • To evaluate the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on the biomechanical properties and cellular activity of injured connective tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Nanoparticles characterized using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering.
  • Uniaxial tensile injury model applied to porcine skin and tendon specimens.
  • Assessment of cell activity using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay and histological studies for NP dispersion.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle injection increased elastic moduli and yield strength in damaged skin and tendon.
  • Nanocarbons notably enhanced mechanical properties in skin tissue.
  • Nanocellulose treatment led to significantly higher tenocyte activity after 21 days, with no observed cytotoxicity.
  • Histological studies confirmed effective dispersion and infiltration of nanocarbons in tendon tissue.

Conclusions:

  • High modulus nanoparticles can serve as a valuable tool for enhancing the mechanical integrity of damaged connective tissues.
  • Nanoparticles show potential for improving healing responses and restoring biomechanical function in soft tissue injuries.
  • Further research into nanoparticle-based strategies could lead to novel treatments for ligament and tendon pathologies.