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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Vaccinations for rheumatoid arthritis.

Lisa M Perry1, Kevin L Winthrop, Jeffrey R Curtis

  • 1Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) face higher infection risks due to their condition and treatments. This review focuses on key vaccines like influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster, crucial for mitigating these risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit a significantly higher risk of severe infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • This heightened susceptibility is attributed to both the autoimmune nature of RA and the immunosuppressive therapies commonly prescribed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on essential vaccines for RA patients in the United States.
  • To provide specific vaccination guidance for rheumatologists and their RA patient population.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding vaccine types (live vs. inactivated) and contraindications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent publications regarding vaccine efficacy and safety in RA patients.
  • Analysis of vaccination guidelines and recommendations relevant to RA management.
  • Identification of key vaccines, including influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster.

Main Results:

  • Influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccines are critical for reducing infection risk in RA patients.
  • Understanding live vaccine contraindications is essential for safe vaccination practices in this population.
  • Proactive vaccination strategies can significantly mitigate infection-related complications.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination is a vital component of comprehensive care for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • Rheumatologists must be knowledgeable about specific vaccine considerations, including live vaccines and potential contraindications.
  • Optimizing vaccine uptake can substantially improve outcomes and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in RA patients.