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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
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Regulated cell death in AKI.

Andreas Linkermann1, Guochun Chen2, Guie Dong3

  • 1Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; zdong@gru.edu andreas.linkermann@uksh.de.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) involves renal tubular cell death via apoptosis and regulated necrosis (RN). Targeting multiple cell death pathways offers potential therapeutic benefits for AKI.

Keywords:
acute renal failureapoptosisrenal injury

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by damage to renal tubules.
  • Renal tubular cell death occurs through apoptosis or regulated necrosis (RN).
  • Apoptosis in AKI involves extrinsic, intrinsic, and ER stress pathways converging on mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of renal tubular cell death in AKI.
  • To highlight the role of apoptosis and various forms of RN in AKI.
  • To discuss the potential of combination therapy targeting multiple cell death pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical models and clinical samples of AKI.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways regulating tubular cell death.
  • Examination of mitochondrial roles in apoptosis and RN.

Main Results:

  • Tubular apoptosis is well-documented in AKI, involving intrinsic, extrinsic, and ER stress pathways.
  • Recent research identified multiple RN subroutines, including necroptosis and mitochondrial permeability transition.
  • Other cell death pathways like pyroptosis and ferroptosis may also contribute to AKI pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding diverse cell death mechanisms in AKI is crucial.
  • Targeting multiple cell death pathways simultaneously may offer enhanced therapeutic effects for AKI.
  • Further research into these pathways could lead to novel AKI treatments.