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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Refining Xenopus laevis Marking Techniques for Biomedical Studies
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The medium, not the message. How tattoos correlate with early mortality.

Henry J Carson1

  • 1From Mercy Hospital, Iowa City, IA. hjcmd@earthlink.net.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Tattoos are associated with earlier death, with negative messages potentially indicating a predisposition to violent outcomes. However, any tattoo presence is a stronger indicator of risk than its specific message.

Keywords:
AutopsyDrug overdoseForensic sciencesSuicideTattooingViolence

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Pathology
  • Dermatology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Tattoos are documented during autopsy external examinations.
  • The potential link between tattoo messages and fatal outcomes requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if negative tattoo messages correlate with specific fatal outcomes.
  • To compare mortality rates between tattooed and non-tattooed individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of tattooed and non-tattooed individuals by demography and forensics.
  • Review of tattoos with negative or ominous messages.
  • Statistical comparison of outcomes between groups.

Main Results:

  • Tattooed individuals died significantly earlier (mean age 39) than non-tattooed individuals (mean age 53).
  • Negative tattoo messages were associated with non-natural deaths, but any tattoo presence was a more significant factor.
  • The presence of any tattoo, regardless of message content, was a significant predictor of outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with tattoos tend to have a younger age of death compared to those without.
  • A potential link exists between tattoos, risk-taking behaviors (e.g., substance use), and mortality.
  • While negative tattoos may suggest a predisposition to violent death, the mere presence of a tattoo is a more dominant risk indicator.