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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
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EPO then...
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Erythropoiesis01:14

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

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Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
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Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
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Decrease in red blood cell deformability is associated with a reduction in RBC-NOS activation during storage.

Marijke Grau, Petra Friederichs, Sebastian Krehan

    Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation
    |June 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Red blood cell (RBC) deformability decreases during storage, linked to reduced RBC-NOS activity. Storage methods impact RBC quality, highlighting RBC-NOS as crucial for maintaining cell function in stored blood.

    Keywords:
    Red blood cell nitric oxide synthaseSAGMblood storagedeformability

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    Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

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    Area of Science:

    • Blood banking and transfusion medicine
    • Cellular physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Red blood cells (RBCs) undergo storage lesion during preservation.
    • Decreased RBC deformability and increased hemolysis are known storage issues.
    • The role of RBC nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) in storage-related changes is unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between RBC deformability and RBC-NOS activity during blood storage.
    • To compare the effects of different storage methods (concentrated vs. SAGM-diluted RBCs) on these parameters.
    • To elucidate mechanisms of storage lesion impacting RBC quality.

    Main Methods:

    • Blood from 15 male volunteers was collected and processed.
    • RBCs were stored for eight weeks at 4°C, either concentrated or diluted in SAGM.
    • Measurements included RBC deformability, mean cellular volume, cell lysis, and RBC-NOS activation.

    Main Results:

    • RBC deformability decreased during storage, correlated with increased mean cellular volume and lysis.
    • A decrease in RBC-NOS activation was observed during storage.
    • Changes were more pronounced in concentrated RBCs compared to SAGM-diluted RBCs.
    • RBC-NOS activation was linked to RBC deformability during storage.

    Conclusions:

    • RBC-NOS activation is a key factor influenced by storage, affecting RBC deformability.
    • Storage methods significantly impact the quality of stored RBCs.
    • Targeting RBC-NOS activation may improve the quality of stored blood for transfusion.