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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations.

K C Polak1, J K Levy1, P C Crawford1

  • 1Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rescued cats from hoarding situations frequently suffer from infectious diseases, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, retroviruses like FeLV and FIV, and dermatophytosis. Preparedness for mass treatment is crucial for preventing disease transmission.

Keywords:
DermatophytosisHoardingStreptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicusTritrichomonasUpper respiratory infection

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Animal Welfare

Background:

  • Animal hoarding involves severe neglect, leading to widespread health issues in rescued animals.
  • Cats from hoarding cases often present with complex medical conditions requiring extensive treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize infectious diseases in clinically affected cats from large-scale hoarding investigations.
  • To determine the prevalence of retroviral infections (FeLV, FIV) in these populations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of records from four large-scale cat seizures (387-697 cats each).
  • Screening for feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and dermatophytosis.
  • PCR and fecal flotation for specific respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of Mycoplasma felis (78%), calicivirus (78%), and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (55%) in respiratory cases.
  • Common enteric infections included feline enteric coronavirus (88%), Giardia (56%), Clostridium perfringens (49%), and Tritrichomonas foetus (39%).
  • Seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV was 8% each; 69/76 cats with suspicious lesions were positive for Microsporum canis.

Conclusions:

  • Cats from large-scale hoarding cases face significant risks for enteric, respiratory, retroviral, and fungal infections.
  • Emergency responders must anticipate and manage mass infectious disease treatment.
  • Protocols are needed to prevent disease transmission during rescue and rehoming.