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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Diabetic nephropathy and inflammation.

Montserrat B Duran-Salgado1, Alberto F Rubio-Guerra1

  • 1Montserrat B Duran-Salgado, Alberto F Rubio-Guerra, Clinical Research Unit, Hospital General de Ticomán, Col Ticomán, DFCP 07330, México.

World Journal of Diabetes
|June 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation plays a critical role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) development and progression. Key inflammatory mediators like cytokines and adhesion molecules are elevated in diabetic kidney disease, contributing to its pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Adhesion moleculesAlbuminuriaCytokinesDiabetic NephropathyInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary cause of end-stage renal failure globally.
  • DN is linked to cardiovascular disease and increased mortality in diabetic patients.
  • Pathophysiology involves metabolic/hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis.
  • To discuss key inflammatory cytokines and mediators involved in DN.
  • To highlight the contribution of adipokines and adhesion molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on inflammation in diabetic nephropathy.
  • Analysis of studies examining inflammatory markers in diabetic kidney disease.
  • Discussion of cytokines, adipokines, and adhesion molecules in DN.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation is increasingly recognized as central to DN pathogenesis.
  • Elevated expression of cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in renal tissues.
  • Increased serum and urinary levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules correlate with albuminuria.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a critical driver of diabetic nephropathy.
  • Understanding inflammatory pathways offers therapeutic targets for DN.
  • Adipokines and adhesion molecules are significant mediators in DN progression.