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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Hepatitis B in pregnancy.

Grant Whittaker1, Jorge L Herrera1

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Universal screening and immunization can significantly reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission. Antiviral therapy for pregnant mothers with HBV is considered case-by-case, despite medications lacking FDA approval for pregnancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Each year, 24,000 infants are born to mothers with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the U.S.
  • Approximately 1,000 newborns contract HBV through vertical transmission annually.
  • Managing pregnant patients with HBV involves assessing maternal treatment needs and interventions to prevent transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on managing pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  • To present a suggested management approach to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HBV.
  • To discuss the controversial use of antiviral therapy in highly viremic pregnant mothers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HBV management in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of current screening and immunization guidelines.
  • Case-by-case consideration of antiviral therapy.

Main Results:

  • Universal adherence to screening and immunization guidelines can greatly reduce HBV mother-to-child transmission rates.
  • The efficacy and safety of oral antiviral therapy in pregnancy remain under investigation and are not FDA-approved.
  • Management decisions for antiviral therapy should be individualized.

Conclusions:

  • Strict adherence to established guidelines is crucial for preventing vertical HBV transmission.
  • Antiviral therapy in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads is a complex decision requiring careful consideration.
  • Further research is needed on the safety and efficacy of HBV antivirals during pregnancy.