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Related Concept Videos

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Measles investigation: a moving target.

Megan R Helmecke1, Sarah L Elmendorf1, Donna L Kent1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.

American Journal of Infection Control
|June 19, 2014
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Rapid response and healthcare worker immunity prevented measles transmission in a US emergency department. Despite challenges, swift isolation and prophylaxis were key to controlling this highly contagious respiratory infection.

Keywords:
Emerging diseaseExposure investigationMeasles

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Measles outbreaks are resurging globally, posing a significant risk due to its high contagiousness.
  • Limited recent experience with measles in the United States complicates outbreak management.
  • Emergency departments face unique challenges in controlling highly infectious respiratory diseases.

Observation:

  • Two measles cases presented to an emergency department, triggering a comprehensive exposure investigation.
  • Protocols for case isolation, exposure criteria, and prophylaxis were rapidly developed and implemented.
  • Delayed diagnostic testing (IgM, PCR) hindered prompt confirmation, highlighting a critical operational gap.

Findings:

  • A multidisciplinary response, including rapid case recognition, isolation, and healthcare worker (HCW) immunity, prevented secondary transmission.
  • Despite exposure of 171 patients/visitors and 94 employees, only 43 patients/visitors required prophylaxis.
  • The investigation incurred significant costs, estimated at over $63,000, underscoring the economic impact of measles control.

Implications:

  • Effective measles control relies on preparedness, rapid response, and robust public health infrastructure.
  • Healthcare worker immunity is a critical component in preventing nosocomial measles transmission.
  • Discordance between advisory and public health guidelines can impede efficient measles control efforts.