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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
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Capsaicin-based therapies for pain control.

Howard Smith, John R Brooks

    Progress in Drug Research. Fortschritte Der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres Des Recherches Pharmaceutiques
    |June 20, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    High-dose topical capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, shows potential for long-term pain relief in neuropathic pain by defunctionalizing nerve terminals. Low-dose capsaicin offers limited analgesic effects, highlighting dose-dependency in pain management.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor mediates nociceptive transmission, particularly in response to inflammatory pain.
    • TRPV1 antagonism has yielded limited success in antinociception.
    • Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, can induce nerve terminal refractoriness and defunctionalization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the efficacy of topical capsaicin for managing painful conditions.
    • To investigate the dose-dependent effects of capsaicin on pain transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing research on topical capsaicin for pain management.
    • Analysis of studies focusing on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain.

    Main Results:

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  • Low-dose topical capsaicin demonstrates limited analgesic effectiveness.
  • High-dose topical capsaicin, when tolerated, shows potential for long-term analgesia in specific neuropathic pain conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Topical capsaicin's therapeutic benefit for pain is dose-dependent.
    • High-dose capsaicin represents a promising strategy for long-term neuropathic pain management.