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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
Published on: November 7, 2018
Hepatitis B genotypes in iran
Mohammad Reza Haghshenas1, Mohsen Arabi1, Tahoora Mousavi1
1Molecular Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran.
Insights
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health issue. In Iran, HBV prevalence is now low (<2%) due to vaccination, with genotype D being predominant.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern, leading to severe liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- An estimated 350 million people worldwide live with chronic HBV infection, resulting in approximately one million deaths annually.
- Ten HBV genotypes (A-J) have been identified, each with distinct geographical distributions and implications for disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HBV genotypes in Iran.
- To understand the prevalence and distribution of HBV genotypes following the implementation of a vaccination program.
- To assess the significance of HBV genotyping for disease burden, prognosis, and antiviral treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing studies on HBV prevalence and genotyping in Iran.
- Analysis of reported HBV genotype frequencies in different Iranian provinces.
- Classification of Iran's HBV endemicity based on vaccination program outcomes.
Main Results:
- Following HBV vaccination, Iran's infection prevalence has decreased to less than 2%, classifying it as a low endemicity region.
- Studies in Iran predominantly identify genotype D as the main HBV type (95-100%).
- Some studies also report the presence of genotype B (5%) alongside genotype D in specific regions.
Conclusions:
- Iran has transitioned to a low endemicity status for HBV infection due to successful vaccination efforts.
- Genotype D is the predominant HBV genotype circulating in Iran.
- Understanding HBV genotype distribution is crucial for optimizing disease management, predicting outcomes, and tailoring antiviral therapies.
Abstract:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem as a cause of liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. It is estimated that 350 million people live with chronic infection and about one million people die every year from complication of this chronic disease in the world. So far, ten HBV genotypes (A-J) has been identified which show a geographical distribution. Throughout the world, carrier variability rate for hepatitis B infection is estimated to be 0.1% to 20%, with regions classified as having low endemicity (<2%), intermediate endemicity (2-7%) and high endemicity (>8%). The prevalence of hepatitis B infection is estimated at 2 to 7 percent In Iran. After HBV vaccination program the prevalence of hepatitis B infection has been reported less than 2%, so Iran can be considered one of the countries with low HBV infection endemicity. In Iran several studies were shown that the only genotype of HBV(100%)was found genotype D as the prominent type in some provinces, but some studies reported genotype B(5%)as well as genotype D(95%).The distribution of HBV genotypes may guide us in determining disease burden, prognosis and antiviral responses. So, it is important to know the epidemiologically of HBV genotyping as well.
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