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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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A diffusion model analysis of developmental changes in children's task switching.

Wouter D Weeda1, Maurits W van der Molen2, Francisco Barceló3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Educational Neuroscience and LEARN! Research Institute, VU University, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive flexibility develops through two distinct processes: early-maturing task-set inertia and later-maturing task-set reconfiguration. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive development in young individuals.

Keywords:
Cognitive flexibilityDevelopmentDiffusion model analysisInertiaTask switchingTask-set reconfiguration

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive flexibility is crucial for adapting to changing environments.
  • Understanding its developmental trajectory from childhood to young adulthood is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the developmental processes of cognitive flexibility.
  • Differentiate between task-set inertia and task-set reconfiguration during development.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion model analysis applied to reaction time and accuracy data.
  • Task-switching paradigm administered to four age groups (7, 11, 15, 21 years).

Main Results:

  • Task-set inertia showed an early developmental maturation pattern.
  • Task-set reconfiguration demonstrated a later developmental maturation pattern.
  • Distinct developmental trajectories were observed for the two cognitive flexibility components.

Conclusions:

  • Task-set inertia matures earlier, while task-set reconfiguration matures later during development.
  • Neural mechanisms in the (pre-)supplementary motor area and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex underpin these developmental patterns in task switching.