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Correlation between interaction strengths drives stability in large ecological networks.

Si Tang1, Samraat Pawar, Stefano Allesina

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Ecologists believed network structure determined food web stability. This study reveals interaction strength correlations, not just network structure, are key drivers of food web stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Network Science
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Ecological food webs exhibit complex, non-random network structures.
  • It is widely believed that this non-random structure is essential for ecosystem stability.
  • Random ecological networks are theoretically unstable and rarely observed in nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to the stability of ecological food webs.
  • To determine the relative importance of network structure versus interaction strengths in maintaining stability.
  • To challenge the prevailing view that topological structure is the primary determinant of food web stability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of empirical food web data.
  • Construction of random food web models.
  • Preservation of interaction strength distributions and correlations in model networks.
  • Comparison of stability properties between empirical and model food webs.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation exists between consumer effects on resources and resource effects on consumers in natural food webs.
  • Random food web models incorporating these interaction strength correlations exhibit stability similar to empirical systems.
  • The influence of topological network structure on stability is minimal compared to interaction strength correlations.

Conclusions:

  • The correlation of interaction strengths is a crucial, yet overlooked, factor in food web stability.
  • Future studies on network structure and stability must account for interaction strength distributions and correlations.
  • This finding shifts the focus from pure network topology to the dynamics of species interactions for understanding ecosystem stability.