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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, widely used for advanced cancers.
  • Gastrointestinal toxicity is a known side effect, but specific colitis complications are rare.
  • Histologic features of capecitabine-induced colitis are not well-documented.

Observation:

  • A 45-year-old male patient undergoing treatment for metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma developed colitis.
  • The colitis was attributed to capecitabine toxicity.
  • Histologic examination of the colonic mucosa was performed.

Findings:

  • The study describes the specific histologic features observed in the colonic mucosa due to capecitabine toxicity.
  • Enterocolitis and ischemic colitis are identified as uncommon but possible complications.
  • Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying capecitabine-induced colonic injury are discussed.

Implications:

  • This case contributes to understanding the rare gastrointestinal toxicities of capecitabine.
  • Histologic descriptions aid in diagnosing capecitabine-induced colitis.
  • Further research into capecitabine's colonic effects and management is warranted.