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Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part I.

Katarzyna Młyniec1, Claire Linzi Davies2, Irene Gómez de Agüero Sánchez3

  • 1Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.

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Essential elements like zinc and magnesium are crucial for health. Deficiencies are linked to depression and anxiety, but supplementation can improve treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
DepressionLithiumMagnesiumTrace elementsZinc

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Psychiatric Research
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Essential elements are vital for human health, supporting critical life processes.
  • Deficiencies in these elements pose significant health risks.
  • Emerging research links essential element status to psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings on the role of essential elements in depression and anxiety.
  • To explore how essential element deficiencies contribute to these conditions.
  • To evaluate the potential of supplementation in managing psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Examination of the involvement of specific elements (zinc, magnesium, lithium, iron, calcium, chromium).
  • Assessment of supplementation effects on therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Deficiency of essential elements is associated with the development of depressive and anxiogenic behaviors.
  • Supplementation with essential elements can enhance the efficacy of antidepressant and anxiolytic treatments.
  • Different subtypes of depression and anxiety may involve distinct mechanisms and respond to specific elemental therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Essential elements play a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety.
  • Targeted elemental supplementation offers a promising strategy to augment conventional psychiatric treatments.
  • Combined low-dose pharmacotherapy with essential elements may improve treatment effectiveness and reduce side effects.