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Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

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Published on: October 18, 2012

Ultralight, ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials.

Xiaoyu Zheng¹, Howon Lee², Todd H Weisgraber³

¹Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. zheng3@llnl.gov spadaccini2@llnl.gov nicfang@mit.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 21, 2014

Summary

Researchers developed new microarchitected materials that maintain stiffness even at ultralow densities. These novel materials offer consistent mechanical properties across a wide density range, overcoming traditional material limitations.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Nanotechnology

Background:

Conventional materials exhibit reduced mechanical properties, like stiffness, as density decreases due to structural element bending under load.
Achieving high stiffness at low densities is a significant challenge in material design.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel class of microarchitected materials that maintain constant stiffness per unit mass density, even at ultralow densities.
To demonstrate a fabrication method for producing these advanced materials.

Main Methods:

Design of microscale unit cells with high structural connectivity and nanoscale features, optimized for tension or compression loading.
Utilization of projection microstereolithography (an additive micromanufacturing technique) for material fabrication.
Application of nanoscale coating and postprocessing techniques.

Main Results:

The developed microarchitected materials exhibit nearly constant stiffness per unit mass density across ultralow density ranges.
These materials maintain ultrastiff properties over more than three orders of magnitude in density.
The observed properties are independent of the constituent materials (polymers, metals, or ceramics).

Conclusions:

Microarchitected materials with specific unit cell designs and fabrication methods can overcome the density-stiffness trade-off.
These materials offer a pathway to achieving high-performance lightweight structures.
The demonstrated additive manufacturing approach enables the production of advanced microlattices with tunable properties.