Basic techniques in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for solid lesions: Adverse events and...

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Endoscopic Imaging
• Interventional Endoscopy

Background:

• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a key diagnostic tool for intrathoracic and intraabdominal conditions.
• While generally safe and accurate, EUS-FNA involves unique risks beyond standard endoscopic procedures due to the echoendoscope's capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the risks associated with EUS-guided FNA.
• To identify and discuss specific adverse events related to the echoendoscope and FNA of solid masses.
• To provide practical guidance for avoiding common complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of adverse events associated with EUS-guided FNA.
• Analysis of risks inherent to echoendoscope use and FNA techniques.
• Compilation of preventative strategies for common complications.

Main Results:

• EUS-FNA carries risks including perforation, infection, bleeding, pancreatitis, pancreatic/bile duct leaks, and tumor seeding.
• Specific risks are linked to the echoendoscope's properties and the FNA process itself.
• Adverse events, though low-risk, require careful consideration and management.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the specific risks of EUS-FNA is crucial for patient safety.
• Implementing preventative measures can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events.
• This review offers valuable insights for clinicians performing EUS-FNA to enhance procedural safety.