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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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Microbes in Food Production01:29

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Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue
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Microbial lactate utilization: enzymes, pathogenesis, and regulation.

Tianyi Jiang1, Chao Gao2, Cuiqing Ma2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, People's Republic of China.

Trends in Microbiology
|June 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial lactate utilization allows microbes to consume lactate as a carbon source, driven by key enzymes. Recent research explores novel enzymes, pathogenicity links, and operon structures for future applications.

Keywords:
NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenasebiocatalysisbiosensorlactate utilizationpathogenesisregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Lactate utilization enables microbes to metabolize lactate as a carbon source.
  • Lactate oxidizing enzymes are central to this metabolic pathway.
  • Understanding these enzymes is crucial for various biotechnological and medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microbial lactate utilization.
  • To highlight novel lactate oxidizing enzymes and their characterization.
  • To discuss the implications of lactate utilization in microbial pathogenicity and operon organization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on microbial lactate utilization.
  • Analysis of characterized lactate oxidizing enzymes.
  • Investigation of mechanisms linking lactate utilization to pathogenicity.
  • Examination of operon structures involved in lactate metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Various lactate oxidizing enzymes have been identified and characterized.
  • Novel enzymes with potential for biocatalysis and lactate determination are being discovered.
  • Lactate utilization is linked to the pathogenicity of several microbial species.
  • Recent studies have elucidated the structure and organization of lactate utilization operons.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding microbial lactate utilization.
  • Further research into novel enzymes and their mechanisms holds promise for future applications.
  • Understanding lactate utilization pathways is key to controlling microbial pathogenicity and developing new biocatalysts.