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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors
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Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells.

Timo Heidt1, Hendrik B Sager1, Gabriel Courties1

  • 1Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Nature Medicine
|June 23, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic stress accelerates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, increasing inflammatory white blood cells. This heightened hematopoiesis promotes atherosclerosis plaque development, increasing risks for heart attack and stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • Psychosocial stress is a known risk factor for diseases like atherosclerosis.
  • The brain-immune system interaction, involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes, is a potential link.
  • The effect of chronic stress on hematopoietic stem cell activity was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether chronic stress alters hematopoietic stem cell activity.
  • To determine the mechanism by which stress influences leukocyte production.
  • To assess the impact of stress-induced hematopoiesis on atherosclerosis progression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of leukocyte counts (monocytosis, neutrophilia) in humans under chronic stress.
  • Investigation of hematopoietic stem cell activation in mice subjected to chronic variable stress.
  • Examination of the role of noradrenaline, the β3-adrenergic receptor, and CXCL12 in stress-induced hematopoiesis.
  • Assessment of atherosclerosis plaque development in Apoe(-/-) mice under chronic stress conditions.

Main Results:

  • Chronic stress induced monocytosis and neutrophilia in humans.
  • Stress activated hematopoietic stem cells in mice via sympathetic nerve noradrenaline release, decreasing CXCL12 levels.
  • This led to increased hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and elevated output of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes.
  • In atherosclerosis-prone mice, chronic stress accelerated hematopoiesis, promoting vulnerable plaque features.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic stress increases hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, leading to a rise in disease-promoting inflammatory leukocytes.
  • Stress-induced hematopoiesis accelerates atherosclerosis, contributing to lesions associated with myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism linking chronic stress to cardiovascular disease risk through immune cell activation.