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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Visualizing Surface T-Cell Receptor Dynamics Four-Dimensionally Using Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy
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Visualizing Surface T-Cell Receptor Dynamics Four-Dimensionally Using Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy

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Linking T-cell receptor sequence to functional phenotype at the single-cell level.

Arnold Han1, Jacob Glanville2, Leo Hansmann3

  • 11] Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Nature Biotechnology
|June 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to link T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity with T-cell function. This technique enables the study of T-cell responses, aiding in antigen discovery and potential cancer therapies.

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Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation
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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

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Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • T lymphocytes play a crucial role in adaptive immunity, with T-cell receptors (TCRs) dictating antigen specificity.
  • Despite identical TCRs, T cells can exhibit diverse functional profiles, complicating the understanding of immune responses.
  • TCRs are heterodimers composed of alpha (α) and beta (β) chains, both essential for antigen recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for integrating T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity with T-cell functional information at a single-cell level.
  • To enable the characterization of T-cell populations based on both their antigen recognition capabilities and their functional states.
  • To facilitate the application of this methodology in understanding T-cell behavior in disease contexts, such as cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell sequencing of TCRα and TCRβ genes to determine antigen specificity.
  • Amplification of functional genes specific to distinct T-cell subsets within the same single cells.
  • Integration of TCR gene sequence data with functional gene expression profiles from individual T lymphocytes.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of a methodology that links individual TCRα-TCRβ pairs to specific T-cell functions.
  • Demonstration of the method's utility in analyzing the clonal composition and differentiation pathways of T cells within a human colorectal carcinoma.
  • Establishment of a framework for expressing specific TCRs for further functional investigation and potential therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methodology provides a powerful tool for dissecting T-cell heterogeneity and function.
  • This approach can significantly advance T-cell repertoire analysis, antigen discovery, and the development of TCR-based immunotherapies.
  • Understanding T-cell clonal dynamics and functional specialization is critical for effective cancer treatment strategies.