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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Dynamic self-assembly of coordination polymers in aqueous solution.

Wen Li1, Yongju Kim, Jingfang Li

  • 1State key laboratory of supramolecular structure and materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. wenli@jlu.edu.cn mslee@jlu.edu.cn.

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Researchers are developing dynamic coordination polymers using metal ions and organic ligands. These self-assembled nanostructures offer smart materials and sensors responsive to external stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
  • Focus on coordination polymers and nanostructures.

Background:

  • Supramolecular polymers formed via non-covalent interactions are key for smart materials and sensors.
  • Coordination polymers, from metal ions and organic ligands in water, are significant in this field.
  • Motivated by combining metal ions and ligands for enhanced properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in dynamic self-assembly of coordination polymers.
  • To highlight the fabrication of stimuli-responsive and bio-related materials.
  • To summarize dynamic structural changes and switchable properties triggered by stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Sophisticated molecular design of coordination polymers.
  • Investigation of self-assembly in aqueous solutions.
  • Analysis of stimuli-responsive behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of dynamic self-assembly in coordination polymers.
  • Fabrication of stimuli-responsive systems and bio-related materials.
  • Summary of triggered structural and property changes.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic self-assembly of coordination polymers is a promising route to advanced materials.
  • These materials exhibit tunable properties and responsiveness to external stimuli.
  • Future outlook focuses on aqueous nanostructures for novel applications.