Effects of obesity on transcriptomic changes and cancer hallmarks in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Enrique Fuentes-Mattei1, Guermarie Velazquez-Torres1, Liem Phan1

  • 1Affiliations of authors: University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX (GV-T, LPh, FZ, P-CC, J-HS, HHC, CG, CC, FJE, M-HL, S-CJY); Cancer Biology Graduate Program (GV-T, P-CC, J-HS, HHC, CC, M-HL), Genes and Development Graduate Program (CG, M-HL); Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (EF-M, GV-T, LPh, FZ, P-CC, J-HS, HHC, RZ, JC, CG, CC, FJE, M-HL), Department of Breast Medical Oncology (FJE, GNH, LPu); Department of Biostatistics (JE), Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (YQ); Department of Pathology (YZ, YW, WFS); Department of Emergency Medicine (J-SC, S-CJY), and Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S-CJY), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX (YL, WLM); Present address: Breast Cancer Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT (LPu).

Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.4K
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
324
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
437
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.6K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
8.6K