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Methamphetamine intoxication in a dog: case report.

Zengyang Pei¹, Xu Zhang

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China. peizengyang@zju.edu.cn.

BMC Veterinary Research

|June 26, 2014

Summary

Methamphetamine intoxication in dogs is a growing concern due to increased illicit use. This case highlights rapid diagnosis and supportive care are crucial for a positive outcome in canine methamphetamine exposure.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Toxicology
Canine Emergency Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Global rise in methamphetamine abuse presents a public health challenge.
Increased illicit availability of methamphetamine raises concerns for accidental or intentional exposure in dogs.
Veterinary professionals should be aware of potential methamphetamine intoxication in canine patients.

Observation:

A Miniature Poodle ingested an unknown substance, presenting with severe agitation, seizures, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Clinical signs included bloody diarrhea, dilated pupils, leukocytosis, erythropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and mild elevations in liver enzymes.
Radiographic findings showed severe gastric and intestinal distension with air.

Findings:

Laboratory analysis confirmed methamphetamine intoxication with blood and urine concentrations of 0.32 μg/mL and 2.35 μg/mL, respectively.
The dog showed progressive improvement with supportive care, including fever resolution within 24 hours and agitation control within 48 hours.
Heparin therapy and supportive care led to improvement in hemostatic abnormalities, with full recovery by day six, except for mild alkaline phosphatase elevation.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering methamphetamine intoxication in dogs with a history of toxin ingestion and neurological/cardiovascular symptoms.
Rapid diagnosis and aggressive intervention are critical for improving prognosis in canine methamphetamine toxicosis.
Blood methamphetamine concentration can aid in assessing intoxication severity and predicting clinical outcomes.