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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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BACE1 is necessary for experience-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity in visual cortex.

Emily Petrus1, Hey-Kyoung Lee1

  • 1Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Dunning Hall 348, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Neural Plasticity
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Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is crucial for regulating brain activity. Mice lacking BACE1 show impaired synaptic plasticity and fail to adapt to changing sensory experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation.
  • Aβ production is activity-dependent and plays a role in synaptic function.
  • The immediate early gene Arc acts as an activity sensor, influencing Aβ production and synaptic strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of BACE1 in sensory experience-dependent synaptic plasticity.
  • Determine if BACE1 influences homeostatic regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Studied mice lacking the primary neuronal β-secretase, BACE1.
  • Examined basal excitatory synaptic transmission.
  • Assessed adaptation to changes in visual experience.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking BACE1 exhibited stronger basal excitatory synaptic transmission.
  • These mice failed to adapt to altered visual experiences.
  • BACE1 deficiency mimicked the phenotype observed in mice lacking the Arc gene.

Conclusions:

  • BACE1 plays a critical role in sensory experience-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity in the neocortex.
  • BACE1 is essential for the adaptive regulation of synaptic strength in response to environmental stimuli.