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Neighborhood context and immigrant children's physical activity.

Mackenzie Brewer1, Rachel Tolbert Kimbro1

  • 1Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|June 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Immigrant children have lower physical activity levels than U.S.-born white children, a disparity not explained by socioeconomic or neighborhood factors. Neighborhood disorder increases inactivity, while safety perceptions boost activity.

Keywords:
ECLS-KExerciseImmigrant childrenNeighborhoodsPhysical activityRace/ethnicityUSAYouth

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Area of Science:

  • Child Health
  • Public Health
  • Sociology of Health

Background:

  • Physical activity is crucial for child health and obesity prevention.
  • Significant race/ethnic and nativity disparities exist in children's physical activity.
  • Immigrant children are at higher risk for low physical activity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare physical activity patterns in young children of U.S.-born and immigrant mothers across seven race/ethnic/nativity groups.
  • To examine associations between physical activity and subjective/objective neighborhood measures.
  • To identify factors contributing to disparities in children's physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized geo-coded Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) data (N=17,510) from 1998-1999.
  • Linked ECLS-K data with U.S. Census 2000 data for neighborhood characteristics.
  • Employed zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models to analyze physical inactivity and days of physical activity.

Main Results:

  • Foreign-born children exhibit lower physical activity than U.S.-born white children, irrespective of socioeconomic, family, or neighborhood factors.
  • Neighborhood physical/social disorder correlated with higher odds of inactivity; perceived safety linked to more activity days.
  • Immigrant concentration negatively impacted physical activity, with varied effects across racial/ethnic/nativity groups, notably affecting U.S.-born white children.

Conclusions:

  • Disparities in children's physical activity persist and are not fully explained by individual or neighborhood characteristics.
  • Neighborhood context, including disorder and safety, influences children's physical activity levels.
  • Targeted interventions should consider the differential impact of neighborhood context on diverse racial, ethnic, and nativity groups.