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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Gut-Brain Axis01:22

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity in Mice Using Fluorescein-Isothiocyanate-Labeled Dextran
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Glutamine and intestinal barrier function.

Bin Wang1, Guoyao Wu1,2, Zhigang Zhou3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.

Amino Acids
|June 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Glutamine, a key amino acid, is vital for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and promoting gut health. It supports enterocyte function and protects against injury, highlighting its essential role in animal and human health.

Keywords:
GlutamineIntestinal barrier functionNutrition

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Investigating Intestinal Barrier Breakdown in Living Organoids
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Investigating Intestinal Barrier Breakdown in Living Organoids

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for nutrient absorption and overall health.
  • Dysfunctional mucosal barriers lead to increased gut permeability and gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Glutamine, once considered non-essential, is now recognized for its critical role in enterocyte signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of glutamine in maintaining intestinal barrier function.
  • To explore glutamine's impact on enterocyte proliferation, survival, and signaling pathways.
  • To assess glutamine's potential as a therapeutic agent for gut health under stress conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on glutamine's effects on intestinal cells and whole-body physiology.
  • Analysis of glutamine's role in activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling.
  • Investigation of glutamine's influence on gene expression and intracellular redox status.

Main Results:

  • Glutamine enhances intestinal and whole-body growth, promoting enterocyte proliferation and survival.
  • It regulates intestinal barrier function during injury, infection, weaning stress, and catabolic states.
  • Glutamine stimulates small intestinal mucosa growth and enhances gut ion transport in various age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Glutamine is essential for neonates and conditionally essential for adults, playing a key physiological role.
  • It acts as a functional amino acid, protecting the gut from atrophy and injury.
  • Glutamine holds significant promise for gut protection in mammals and other animals under diverse stress conditions.