Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

803
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
803
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

3.6K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
3.6K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

3.6K
Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
3.6K
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

6.6K
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
6.6K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

379
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
379
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

271
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
271

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid Onset Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C Following Transplant of a Hepatitis C Infected Graft Into a Naïve Recipient.

Case reports in transplantation·2026
Same author

Retrospective Study of Liver Transplant Recipients Over 69: Clinical Features and Outcomes of a Growing Group.

Transplantation proceedings·2025
Same author

Efficacy and safety of vibrating capsule in treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Translational gastroenterology and hepatology·2024
Same author

Factors predicting readmission within 30 days of acute pancreatitis attack: A prospective study.

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]·2019
Same author

Is there still a role for liver biopsy in managing hepatitis C virus infections?

Clinical liver disease·2019
Same author

Peri-transplant lactate levels and delayed lactate clearance as predictive factors for poor outcomes after liver transplantation: A propensity score-matched study.

Clinical transplantation·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

2.5K

Bicalutamide-induced hepatotoxicity: A rare adverse effect.

Salwa Hussain1, Abdallah Haidar1, Robert E Bloom1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, MI, U.S.A.

The American Journal of Case Reports
|June 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bicalutamide, used for prostate cancer, can rarely cause severe liver injury. Early detection and stopping the drug are crucial for patient safety and avoiding complications.

Keywords:
Drug-Induced Liver InjuryNonsteroidal Anti-AndrogensProstatic Neoplasms

More Related Videos

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

56.5K
Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity
09:32

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

660

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

2.5K
Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

56.5K
Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity
09:32

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

660

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal anti-androgen used in prostate cancer treatment.
  • It can cause side effects like gynecomastia and fatigue.
  • Acute drug-induced liver injury is a rare but possible adverse event.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of symptomatic acute hepatotoxicity from bicalutamide.
  • To review the literature on bicalutamide-induced liver injury.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing this adverse event.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 81-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer.
  • Patient presented with jaundice after starting bicalutamide.
  • Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed symptomatic acute liver injury.
  • Bicalutamide was discontinued, leading to rapid clinical and laboratory improvement.
  • Other causes of hepatitis were ruled out.

Conclusions:

  • Bicalutamide can cause rare, severe liver injury.
  • Prompt diagnosis and drug discontinuation are essential.
  • This adverse reaction requires careful monitoring in patients.