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    Area of Science:

    • Medical imaging
    • Biomedical engineering
    • Sensor technology

    Background:

    • Real-time needle tracking is crucial for minimally invasive procedures.
    • Current methods for guiding instruments within MRI can be limited.
    • Accurate 3D shape estimation of flexible instruments is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a real-time MRI scan plane control system based on 3D needle bending.
    • To assess the accuracy of optical strain sensors for estimating needle shape and position.
    • To improve needle tip visualization during MRI-guided interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a biopsy needle with embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to measure surface strains.
    • Estimated the needle's full 3D shape and controlled the MR scanner's imaging plane in real-time.
    • Registered needle and scanner coordinate frames using miniature radio-frequency (RF) tracking coils.
    • Superimposed a 3D needle annotation over MR images in a 3D environment.

    Main Results:

    • The MRI scan planes autonomously tracked the deflected needle, keeping its tip in view.
    • The average root mean square error for estimated needle shape compared to MR images was 4.2 mm.
    • This positional variance was smaller than the image artifact from the needle in high-resolution SPGR images.

    Conclusions:

    • Optical fiber strain sensors can accurately estimate a needle's 3D profile in real-time.
    • This technology enables MRI scan plane control, adapting to needle deflection.
    • The system has the potential to enhance physician response, leading to faster and more accurate interventions.