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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
[Contemporary possibilities of non-oral estrogen-progestin contraception]
Abstract:
Besides the classic combined oral contraception (pill), there are alternative medical forms as transdermal contraception system, vaginal ring, intramuscular injections, and percutaneous gel, respectively. The mechanism of contraceptive effect is the same as well as they are the contraindications. The advantage of non-oral application is the elimination of the first-pass effect that enables reduction of doses, diminishing of undesirable side-effects and medical interactions, and only small effect on enzymatic systems associated with cytochrome P450. As the main advantage, comfort and better compliance of patients who have problems with daily use of tablets, is considered.
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