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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Gut microbe analysis between hyperthyroid and healthy individuals.

Lei Zhou1, Xinli Li, Ayaz Ahmed

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Dalian, People's Republic of China.

Current Microbiology
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperthyroidism alters gut microbiota composition, decreasing beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus while increasing Enterococcus. These findings highlight the impact of thyroid hormones on the gut microbiome.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones influence gastrointestinal function.
  • Gut microbiota composition may be affected by thyroid status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gut microbiota alterations in hyperthyroid individuals.
  • To compare gut microbiota diversity and similarity between hyperthyroid and healthy subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) for overall microbiota characterization.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for specific bacterial identification.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR to enumerate specific bacterial genera (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gut microbiota profiles were observed between hyperthyroid and healthy groups via DGGE.
  • Hyperthyroid individuals showed a significant decrease in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus populations.
  • An increase in Enterococcus genus was noted in the hyperthyroid group compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperthyroidism is associated with significant alterations in gut microbiota composition.
  • Specific beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) are reduced, while potentially pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus) increase in hyperthyroidism.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the gut microbiome's role in thyroid disorders.