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Cytomorphological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis revisited
A Hemalatha1, Ps Shruti1, M Udaya Kumar1
1Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) effectively diagnoses tubercular lymphadenitis. Pattern C showed the highest bacillary load, while Pattern D was observed in immunodeficient patients, aiding diagnosis and preventing surgery.
Area of Science:
- Cytopathology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Tubercular lymphadenitis is a common cause of lymph node enlargement in developing nations.
- Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is crucial for diagnosing tubercular lymphadenitis, avoiding unnecessary surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze cytomorphological patterns of tubercular lymphadenitis.
- To correlate acid-fast bacilli (AFB) load with cytomorphological patterns.
Main Methods:
- 150 cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis or AFB-positive lymphadenitis were studied.
- Cytomorphological patterns (A-D) were categorized.
- Chi-square tests correlated cytomorphological patterns with AFB load.
Main Results:
- Pattern B (granuloma with necrosis) was most frequent (84 cases).
- 54% of cases (81/150) were AFB positive.
- AFB positivity was highest in Pattern C (73.5%) and Pattern D (100%).
Conclusions:
- FNAC is a valuable diagnostic tool for tubercular lymphadenitis.
- Pattern C indicates a higher bacillary load.
- Pattern D, characterized by foamy macrophages, suggests immunodeficiency.
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