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Tissue extracellular matrix nanoparticle presentation in electrospun nanofibers
Matt Gibson1, Vince Beachley1, Jeannine Coburn1
1Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Biomed Research International
|June 28, 2014
Summary
This study combined decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) particles with synthetic nanofibers to create novel biomaterials. Bone, cartilage, and fat DECM enhanced stem cell bone formation, showing potential for targeted tissue engineering.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Stem Cell Biology
Background:
- Decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) biomaterials retain tissue-specific cues but lack tunable physical properties.
- Synthetic polymer scaffolds offer controlled physical properties but limited biological functionality.
- Composite biomaterials aim to combine the advantages of both DECM and synthetic scaffolds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize composite biomaterials integrating decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) particles with synthetic nanofibers.
- To evaluate the influence of these composite scaffolds on stem cell differentiation.
- To determine the effect of DECM source tissue on scaffold bioactivity.
Main Methods:
- Decellularized tissues were mechanically processed into nanoparticles (71-334 nm).
- Nanofiber scaffolds were fabricated incorporating up to 10% DECM particles (wt/wt) from six different tissues.
- Scaffolds were analyzed for DECM incorporation and bioactivity, specifically assessing osteogenic differentiation of stem cells.
Main Results:
- Composite scaffolds successfully incorporated DECM nanoparticles.
- Scaffolds containing bone, cartilage, and fat DECM promoted osteogenesis at 1 and 3 weeks.
- Spleen and lung DECM significantly inhibited osteogenic outcomes compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Incorporating specific DECM nanoparticles into nanofiber composites can modulate stem cell differentiation.
- The source tissue of DECM is critical for determining the resulting bioactivity.
- This approach offers a strategy for designing targeted bioactive scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications.
