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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Spindle orientation: what if it goes wrong?

Dan T Bergstralh1, Daniel St Johnston1

  • 1The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom; The Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|June 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cell division orientation is crucial for cell fate and tissue structure. New research suggests that anaphase activity of NuMA and dynein may protect cells when metaphase spindle orientation is lost.

Keywords:
EpitheliaMetaphaseNeuroblastNuMa/Mud/LIN-5Spindle orientationTumorigenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The angle of cell division is critical for determining cell fate, particularly in neural development.
  • Correct cell division orientation is essential for maintaining tissue architecture in epithelia.
  • Spindle orientation at metaphase is a key mechanism controlling cell division angles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of lost control over metaphase spindle orientation.
  • To explore potential protective mechanisms within the cell and tissue.
  • To examine the role of NuMA and dynein in response to spindle misorientation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cell division in developing neural tissues and epithelia.
  • Investigating metaphase spindle orientation and its regulation.
  • Studying the function of NuMA (Mud, LIN-5) and dynein during cell division.

Main Results:

  • Metaphase spindle misorientation can have significant consequences for cells and tissues.
  • Multiple cellular and tissue-level mechanisms exist to mitigate the effects of spindle misorientation.
  • Ongoing work suggests a protective role for anaphase activity of NuMA and dynein.

Conclusions:

  • NuMA and dynein may play a crucial role in cellular and tissue protection following metaphase spindle misorientation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for comprehending normal development and disease states.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the anaphase activities of NuMA and dynein in this context.