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Empathy02:34

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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
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The complex relation between morality and empathy.

Jean Decety1, Jason M Cowell2

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 29, 2014
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This summary is machine-generated.

Empathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Moral Philosophy

Background:

  • Morality and empathy are crucial human traits.
  • Neuroscience reveals a complex, sometimes contradictory, link between empathy and moral judgment.
  • Empathy can both aid and hinder moral decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the nuanced relationship between empathy and morality.
  • To propose a more precise conceptual framework for understanding empathy's role in moral cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of empirical findings from developmental, behavioral, and social neuroscience.
  • Conceptual analysis of the term 'empathy'.

Main Results:

  • The broad term 'empathy' obscures distinct psychological processes.
  • Different facets of empathy have varied impacts on moral judgment.

Conclusions:

  • Abandoning the umbrella term 'empathy' is necessary.
  • Adopting precise terms like 'emotional sharing,' 'empathic concern,' and 'affective perspective-taking' will advance research on morality and empathy.