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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

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To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
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Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice
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L wave in echo Doppler.

Vipin Kumar1, John Jose2, V Jacob Jose3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Heart Journal
|June 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An L wave on echocardiography indicates continued pulmonary vein flow into the left ventricle. Its presence, along with an L

Keywords:
L waveLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunctionL′ waveTriphasic mitral inflow

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Diastolic dysfunction is a key factor in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
  • Accurate assessment of diastolic function and filling pressures is crucial for patient management.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old female presented with progressive dyspnea (NYHA class III).
  • Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular systolic function, mild biatrial enlargement, and an L wave in mitral inflow and M-mode.
  • Tissue Doppler imaging showed an L' wave at the medial mitral annulus.

Findings:

  • The L wave signifies continued pulmonary vein flow into the left ventricle during mid-diastole.
  • The L' wave, observed in mid-diastole, is a novel finding in this context.
  • An L' wave, coupled with a higher E/E' ratio, indicates advanced diastolic dysfunction and elevated left ventricular filling pressures.

Implications:

  • The L and L' waves may serve as novel echocardiographic markers for diastolic dysfunction.
  • These findings could improve the non-invasive diagnosis of elevated filling pressures in patients with preserved ejection fraction.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these echocardiographic patterns in larger cohorts.