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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Paramedian forehead flap.

Ryan J Smart¹, Melvyn S Yeoh¹, D David Kim¹

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America

|June 30, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) offers a reliable method for reconstructing significant nasal defects. This article details a standard two-stage PMFF technique for a patient with a complex posttraumatic nasal deformity.

Keywords:

Forehead flap Local facial flap Midface reconstruction Nasal reconstruction Paramedian forehead flap

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery
Otolaryngology

Background:

The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a versatile reconstructive option.
It possesses a robust vascular supply, making it suitable for complex nasal defects.
Various techniques exist, including single-stage and multi-stage procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the traditional two-stage paramedian forehead flap technique.
To present a case study of nasal reconstruction using PMFF for posttraumatic deformity.

Main Methods:

Detailed description of the two-stage paramedian forehead flap procedure.
Surgical reconstruction of a posttraumatic nasal deformity.

Main Results:

The paramedian forehead flap was successfully utilized for nasal reconstruction.
The case demonstrates the efficacy of the two-stage technique in managing complex nasal defects.

Conclusions:

The two-stage paramedian forehead flap is a well-established and effective method for nasal reconstruction.
This technique is particularly valuable for large or complex nasal defects, including those resulting from trauma.