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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
Published on: February 18, 2022
Novel biomarkers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 402 Dickinson Street, Suite 380, San Diego, CA 92103-8425, USA.
Abstract:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is a common subtype of heart failure with morbidity and mortality similar to that of heart failure with systolic dysfunction. This article discusses the numerous biomarkers that promise to play a substantial role in terms of our ability to understand the mechanisms of HFPEF and discern possible phenotypes that respond to targeted therapies: natriuretic peptides, high-sensitivity troponins, galectin-3, soluble ST2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C.
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