Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Complement System

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...

Viral Structure

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer: a single regional Australian centre experience.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same author

Interprotomer communication and functional asymmetry in H/ACA snoRNPs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Value of the systemic immune inflammation index in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective clinical study.

Journal of gastrointestinal oncology·2025

Same author

Complement C3 deficiency inhibits osteoclast differentiation and prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2025

Same author

Interprotomer Communication and Functional Asymmetry in H/ACA snoRNPs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Complement in Cancer.

European journal of immunology·2025

Same journal

m6A modification of LINC00458 enhances HMOX1 stability via ELAVL1 recruitment to promote ferroptosis and aggravate asthma.

Molecular immunology·2026

Same journal

Overexpression of Hes1 inhibits cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in AT2 cells by activating the Pgc-1α/Tfam signaling pathway.

Molecular immunology·2026

Same journal

Progesterone promotes favorable pregnancy outcomes in recurrent spontaneous, abortion by attenuating NK Cell overactivation and upregulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling axis.

Molecular immunology·2026

Same journal

Oleanolic acid alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting liver macrophage recruitment and polarization.

Molecular immunology·2026

Same journal

Cordycepin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by dual-pathway activation of TFEB to restore autophagy and ameliorate podocyte injury.

Molecular immunology·2026

Same journal

Endothelial-derived TWEAK drives granulosa cell apoptosis in PCOS via the Fn14-oxidative stress axis.

Molecular immunology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

Viral regulators of complement activation: structure, function and evolution.

Hina Ojha¹, Hemendra Singh Panwar¹, Ronald D Gorham²

¹National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.

Molecular Immunology

|July 1, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses evade host defenses by mimicking regulators of complement activation (RCA) proteins. This review explores the structure, function, and evolution of these viral RCA mimics, crucial for viral immune evasion.

Keywords:

Complement regulation Herpesvirus Immune evasion Poxvirus RCA Viral evolution.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

Published on: June 15, 2019

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

Published on: June 15, 2019

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The complement system is a key host defense mechanism against viral infections.
Viruses have evolved strategies to counteract complement-mediated immunity.
Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA) proteins are critical host factors in controlling complement activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diverse strategies employed by viruses to subvert complement surveillance.
To provide an overview of viral mimics of host Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA) proteins.
To discuss the structure, function, and evolutionary origins of viral RCA proteins.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications on viral complement evasion.
Analysis of structural and functional data of viral and host RCA proteins.
Comparative evolutionary analysis of viral RCA mimic genes.

Main Results:

Viruses encode proteins that mimic host RCA to evade complement.
These viral RCA mimics prevent complement-mediated viral neutralization.
Viral RCA mimics also inhibit complement-enhanced adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

Viral mimicry of host RCA is a significant immune evasion strategy.
Understanding viral RCA proteins offers insights into host-pathogen interactions.
Targeting viral RCA mimics could represent a novel antiviral therapeutic approach.