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    This study introduces a maximal coherence correlation function (MCCF) to minimize errors in optical simulations involving diffractive gratings. The MCCF quantifies phase effects, improving accuracy in combined ray-tracing and finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computational Electromagnetics

    Background:

    • Simulating optical systems with diffractive gratings requires integrating ray-tracing (RT) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods.
    • Interface procedures between RT and FDTD can lead to phase information loss, impacting simulation accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a method for minimizing errors in combined RT and FDTD simulations of optical systems with two diffractive gratings.
    • To introduce a novel function that quantifies the impact of phase effects between gratings.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of a maximal coherence correlation function (MCCF) to describe phase effects between two diffractive gratings.
    • Comparison of pure FDTD simulations with results from an iterative RT-FDTD interface procedure.

    Main Results:

    • The derived MCCF depends on grating separation, light source coherence, and diffraction angle.
    • The MCCF effectively envelopes oscillations caused by coupling effects between diffractive optical elements.
    • The MCCF shows a strong correlation with simulation errors introduced by the interface procedure.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MCCF is a valuable tool for assessing and mitigating errors in complex optical simulations.
    • The study highlights the importance of managing phase information in hybrid simulation approaches for diffractive optical systems.